This flagship report from the International Energy Agency (IEA) outlines global energy trends and models how different policy choices will shape the future of energy security, technology, and emissions.
Key Findings:
Energy security risks are shifting from oil and gas to critical minerals, where supply chains are highly concentrated and vulnerable to disruption.
Extreme weather and cyber risks are putting growing pressure on power systems, especially electricity grids, which require major resilience upgrades.
Electricity demand is surging, driven by data centers, electric vehicles, and rising cooling needs. Data-center investment is now comparable to oil-supply investment.
Nuclear energy is regaining momentum, with large-scale projects and small modular reactors expanding as countries seek reliable low-carbon power.
LNG capacity is increasing rapidly, creating uncertainty about future gas markets as new export projects come online.
Energy access gaps persist, with hundreds of millions still lacking electricity and clean cooking solutions. The report outlines pathways to close these gaps by 2035–2040.
Emissions remain too high, with current policies leading toward dangerous levels of warming. Even more ambitious pathways now imply a temporary overshoot of 1.5°C.
