Hawaii, United States (Enmaeya News) — New research shows that following a Mediterranean diet — rich in vegetables, fruits, legumes, whole grains, olive oil, and moderate fish — may help pregnant women maintain a healthy gut microbiome.

A major study of pregnant women from diverse ethnic groups, including those in Hawaii, found that pregnancy usually causes a drop in gut bacterial diversity. But women who closely followed a Mediterranean-style diet had a smaller decline in bacterial diversity during their third trimester. This suggests the diet helps keep gut bacteria balanced despite hormonal changes.

The study also found higher levels of beneficial bacteria in women who stuck to the diet. These included Lactobacillus rogosae, Alistipes species, Coprococcus, and Akkermansia tetradius. These bacteria produce short-chain fatty acids, such as butyrate and acetic acid, which support gut lining health and reduce inflammation.

Another study focused on newborns found that babies of mothers with a high-quality Mediterranean diet had more Bifidobacterium in their gut. This bacteria is linked to a stronger immune system, even though overall bacterial diversity in newborns tends to be lower early on.

Experts say more research is needed to understand long-term effects for both mothers and babies.