Environmental degradation, illegal hunting, climate stress, and fragmented governance, individually and collectively, pose critical threats to Lebanon’s rich avian biodiversity. Positioned along the Eastern African–Eurasian Flyway, Lebanon serves as a vital corridor for millions of migratory birds, making its ecosystems both nationally significant and globally connected.
Birds of Lebanon: A Review of Threats, Diversity and Conservation (2025) brings together evidence from scientific studies, digital monitoring data, and policy frameworks to examine the state of avian diversity, the drivers of habitat loss, and the country’s evolving conservation response.
Developed by Enmaeya’s Knowledge Hub, the paper highlights how law enforcement, community-based initiatives, and innovative monitoring tools are reshaping Lebanon’s conservation landscape, and outlines a roadmap for protecting its skies and species over the decade ahead.
