The Global water monitor report aims to deliver open, actionable climate and water data. By integrating satellite and ground observations, the 2025 report provides an update on critical aspects of the water cycle. This third annual report builds on the work of previous years, summarising the state of the global water cycle in 2025, identifying key trends, and analysing major hydrological events. The 2025 edition includes updated metrics on rainfall, temperature, air humidity, river flows and water stored in lakes, soil and underground. It further provides insights into extreme rainfall and temperatures.
Key findings include:
Extreme rainfall intensified globally, with maximum daily precipitation increasing by 2.3% per decade, increasing exposure to floods and landslides.
Hot days exceeding 35 °C have been increasing by 1.2% per decade, elevating risks to human health, ecosystems, and agricultural systems.
"Climate whiplash" amplified disaster impacts, with rapid transitions between wet and dry conditions affecting the same regions in quick succession.
Flash droughts are emerging as an increasingly distinct hazard, driven by rapid declines in soil moisture and water storage over days to weeks.
